JAMMU AND KASHMIR -its History and Geography
Jammu and Kashmir is a northern state of India which share its international border with China,
Pakistan and Afghanistan and state border with Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
Majority of population in J&K is Muslim there after Hindu and form ancient
times Jammu is Hindu region whereas Kashmir is Muslim majority state and there
is some portion of denizens is Buddhist. Buddhist population lives in leh and
ladakh region. This state was ruled by Maharaja Hari Singh before the
independence. It is one of Indian state which has most picturesque landscape.
Kashmir is also known as paradise on the earth, mostly this state located in
Himalayas and there many tourist places in this beautiful state.
HISTORY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR
History
of Kashmir is one of the oldest history in the world. Many scholars tells different
tales of the history and it’s name origin but all ominously believe that Kashmir
emerged when saint kashyapa drained the water from the lake satisar by cutting
the hills of Baramulla. Kashmir was known for serving as seat of learning Hinduism
before the influence of Buddhism and Islam. Islam dominate this place in the early 13th
century when trade with central Asia was at its peak and trader visited this
place. Many saints were come at that time and started preaching Islam. Shah Mirza was the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir
and Afghan rulers were the last Muslim ruler of Kashmir.
The
history of Kashmir become more interesting from 1820 onwards when Sikh overpowered
the afghan rule and everything going fine till 1845 when first Sikh war was
broke out and two treaties of Lahore and Amritsar were signed. Maharaja of Jammu
Dogra ruler Gulab Singh was made the ruler of Kashmir and Maharaja Hari Singh
was the last ruler of Jammu and Kashmir he laid the foundation of modern Jammu
and Kashmir State. After the partition of India and Pakistan the state of
J&K was given the choice to merge with either Pakistan or India but after
the few month of dilemma, Maharaja Hari
Singh Hindu ruler of Muslim majority state of J&K signed the instrument
of Accession to Indian Union in October 1947.
GEOGRAPHY OF THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR
There
are three major regions of Jammu and Kashmir first Jammu second one is Kashmir
and last one is Ladakh. The Jammu and Kashmir is divided into14 districts. Kashmir
valley is covered by the forests, lakes, mountains and waterways & stepped
fields whereas Jammu region consist of plains, mountains coming on Ladakh
region it is cold desert. This region is deprived of rains as this region fall
in rain shed area and there are some famous Buddhist monastery are there.
There
are several low laying basin in the state like Kashmir valley, Poonch valley, Sind
valley and Chenab valley but out of all Kashmir valley is most notable one it
spread in the 100 km area and 15230 sq. km in area. The average height of the
valley is 1700 meter and river Jhelum and its tributaries were flown in this valley.
CLIMATE OF THE STATE
Climate
vary in the Jammu and Kashmir due to its irregular topography. In the southern
region i.e. Jammu the weather is monsoonal type and average to moderate rain
fall in the monsoon season. During the summer time temperature of the Jammu is
blistering hot and can reach up to 40 degree Celsius and it is designated as
winter capital of the state on the other hand weather in the Kashmir is pleasant
during summer but in winter it is semi arctic. All the rivers and lakes are
frozen in the winter.
PLACES TO VISIT IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Vaishno Devi Temple
Vaishno
Devi temple is famous temple of Hindu goddess. It is situated in the katra
which is 48 km from Jammu city. It is well connected by rail and road and
nearest airport is Jammu. Temple is situated in the Trikuta Mountain which is accessible
by trek of 14 km but one can go up to sanjichhat by helicopter.
Leh/ladakh
Leh
and ladakh is cold desert of Jammu and
Kashmir and maximum population of the region is Buddhist and this place is
worth to visit. Many tourist come to this place every year specially those who
love the adventure.
Gulmarg
It
is famous for its postcard beauty and it’s proximity to the capital city Srinagar.
In winter this placed is covered by snow and many tourist come to this place to
enjoy snow and winter sports.
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